20 Chem Basics: Know ’Em All?

[A] C₆H₁₂O₆ | Glucose is a simple sugar with the chemical formula C₆H₁₂O₆. It is a monosaccharide and an important energy source for living organisms.

[C] Argon | Noble gases are elements in Group 18 of the periodic table, known for their low reactivity due to having a full valence shell of electrons. Argon is one such noble gas.

[B] 7 | The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. A pH less than 7 is acidic, and a pH greater than 7 is basic (or alkaline). Pure water at 25°C has a pH of 7.

[B] Nitrogen | Nitrogen is a crucial element for life as it is a component of the nucleic acids DNA and RNA, which are essential for storing and transmitting genetic information in living organisms. It is also a major component of proteins in the form of amino acids.

[D] Nickel | Nickel is a silvery metal known for its resistance to corrosion and is often used in the minting of coins, along with other metals, due to its durability and cost-effectiveness. It provides coins with a distinctive look and helps to reduce wear over time.

[A] Zinc | Brass is an alloy primarily made of copper and zinc, which gives it its characteristic yellow color.

[B] Aufbau principle | The Aufbau principle is a rule in chemistry that describes the step-by-step filling of electron orbitals in an atom.

[C] Oxygen | Cellular respiration is a process that consumes oxygen and produces carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. Oxygen is not a product but a reactant in this process.

[B] Protium | Protium is the most common isotope of hydrogen, which has no neutrons in its nucleus.

[B] CH₃COOH-hydroxyl | CH₃COOH is acetic acid and contains a carboxyl functional group, not a hydroxyl group. The hydroxyl group is found in alcohols like CH₃OH (methanol).

[C] CH₃CH₂OH | Ethanol, a common alcohol, has the chemical formula CH₃CH₂OH, which represents two carbon atoms bonded to a hydroxyl group.

[A] Group 1 | Francium is an alkali metal and is located in Group 1 of the periodic table, which includes all the elements with a single electron in their outermost shell.

[B] Ammonia | The Haber process is a method for producing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases under high pressure and temperature.

[A] Sir William Ramsay | Sir William Ramsay was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1904 for his discovery of the noble gases, including argon, neon, krypton, and xenon.

[C] Tetrahedral | Methane (CH₄) has a tetrahedral geometry, with one carbon atom at the center and four hydrogen atoms at the corners of a tetrahedron.

[B] Electron | Electrons are the subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom and carry a negative charge.

[B] 2 | Helium is a noble gas with an atomic number of 2, which means it has 2 protons in its nucleus.

[D] Fe | The chemical symbol for iron is Fe, derived from its Latin name "ferrum."

[C] Nitrogen | The Earth's atmosphere is composed mainly of nitrogen, which makes up about 78% of the air by volume.

[D] Table Salt | NaCl, or sodium chloride, is commonly known as table salt, which is used for seasoning and preserving food.